UC San Diego Study Links Mental Health to Long COVID in Older Women

Jan 28, 2026, 2:38 AM

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A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of California, San Diego, has found a significant link between mental health conditions and the risk of long COVID among older women. The research indicates that women with long-term depression and anxiety are at a 78% greater risk of developing long COVID, despite not having higher rates of SARS-CoV-2 infections compared to their peers without mental health issues.

The study is part of the federally funded Women's Health Initiative, which has been tracking the health of postmenopausal women since the 1990s. In its third extension from 2020 to 2027, the initiative included surveys specifically addressing the impact of COVID-19. Among the participants, the average age was 83 years, and 414 women met the criteria for long COVID symptoms.

Higher anxiety levels were associated with an increased likelihood of long COVID symptoms such as fatigue, brain fog, and shortness of breath. Additionally, elevated stress was linked to a higher incidence of these symptoms. The findings suggest that mental health history can significantly affect adherence to safety measures during the pandemic. Women suffering from long-term depression or both depression and anxiety were less likely to follow guidelines like wearing masks and maintaining social distance, while those who felt anxious were somewhat more compliant.

William Bruno, MD, MPH, a co-author of the study, emphasized the importance of understanding these mental health risk factors. He stated, "We hope that by characterizing these mental health risk factors, public health officials and policymakers can target preventative measures to those with the greatest need." This highlights the critical intersection of mental and physical health, particularly in the context of a pandemic that disproportionately affected older adults.

The study's insights into the mental health of older women are particularly timely, given the broader context of rising loneliness and social isolation exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Experts have noted that these issues have led to increased rates of suicides, opioid use, and other health complications among older populations, resulting in greater healthcare costs and mortality rates. The pandemic's social distancing measures intensified these problems, making it crucial to address mental health proactively.

Moreover, researchers have pointed out that loneliness, which has been prevalent among older adults even before the pandemic, can significantly affect mental health. Data from earlier studies indicated that a substantial percentage of seniors reported experiencing moderate to severe loneliness, particularly in independent living communities. This context underscores the need to enhance support systems for older adults, especially during times of crisis[^1^][^2^].

The implications of the UC San Diego study extend beyond individual health. By recognizing the interplay between mental health and long COVID, public health initiatives can be better designed to support vulnerable populations. This could involve more comprehensive mental health services, accessible healthcare, and community support systems aimed at reducing isolation and improving overall well-being among older adults.

As the research continues, it is clear that understanding the mental health landscape is essential for addressing the long-term effects of COVID-19. The findings from this study provide a foundation for future investigations and highlight the urgent need for integrated healthcare approaches that consider both mental and physical health outcomes for older women and other at-risk groups in society.

In conclusion, the UC San Diego study serves as a vital reminder of the complexities surrounding long COVID and mental health, urging healthcare providers and policymakers to prioritize mental wellness as a critical component of health strategies, particularly for older populations facing the dual challenges of aging and pandemic-related stressors.

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